RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 Locking in the Profits or Putting It All on Black? An Empirical Investigation into the Risk-Taking Behavior of Hedge Fund Managers JF The Journal of Alternative Investments FD Institutional Investor Journals SP 7 OP 25 DO 10.3905/JAI.2009.12.2.007 VO 12 IS 2 A1 Andrew D Clare A1 Nick Motson YR 2009 UL https://pm-research.com/content/12/2/7.abstract AB The ideal fee structure aligns the incentives of the investor with those of the fund manager. Mutual funds typically only charge a management fee that is a proportion of the funds under management. Hedge funds, on the other hand, generally change an incentive fee that is a fraction of the fund’s return each year in excess of the high-water mark. The justification generally given for these incentive fees is that they provide the manager with the incentive to target absolute returns. As these incentive fees can be considered a call option on the performance of the fund, it is possible that the managers’ incentives might vary according to the delta of this option. A number of articles have examined the optimal investment strategies of money managers in the presence of incentive fees within theoretical frameworks with seemingly conflicting results. Using a large database of hedge fund returns, the authors examine the risk taking behavior of hedge fund managers in response to both their past returns relative to their high-water mark and their past returns relative to their peer group. An attempt is made to reconcile these results with the theoretical frameworks proposed.TOPICS: Real assets/alternative investments/private equity, risk management, in portfolio management, performance measurement